HPV infection testing
Understanding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the Importance of Screening
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact or sexual intercourse. It is a major cause of cervical cancer, which is one of the most common cancers found in Thai women.
Epidemiological data indicates that most infected individuals show no symptoms during the early stages of infection. Many are diagnosed only when the disease has progressed, significantly affecting treatment outcomes and the quality of life.
HPV Infection: Transmission and Disease Progression
HPV is typically transmitted through contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, especially in the genital area, anus, or mouth. Infection can occur in both men and women and is possible at any age.
In many cases, the body’s immune system can naturally eliminate the virus within 1–5 years without causing any symptoms. However, in some individuals, persistent infection may lead to cellular changes and, ultimately, the development of cancer—particularly in the cervix.
HPV Variants and Risk Levels
There are over 100 known HPV types, but only some are linked to disease in humans. These types can be divided into two main groups:
High-Risk HPV
This group includes types that are strongly associated with cancers such as cervical, vaginal, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases.
Other high-risk types include:
26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 66, 68, 69, 73, 82/MM, 82/IS, 84, 89
Low-Risk HPV
These types do not cause cancer but can lead to benign conditions such as genital warts. HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for about 90% of genital warts.
Other low-risk types include:
40, 42, 43, 44, 61, 70, 71, 72, 81, 83
The Importance of HPV Screening
HPV testing is a key tool for assessing the risk of developing cervical cancer. It is particularly recommended for women aged 30 and older. The test can be performed alongside a Pap smear to increase diagnostic accuracy.
Today, many laboratories—including ours—are equipped with advanced technology capable of detecting up to 40 HPV genotypes, covering both high-risk and low-risk groups. This comprehensive detection enhances risk assessment and supports effective clinical decision-making.
Conclusion
HPV infection is a common condition that can affect individuals of all genders and ages. Although many cases resolve naturally without symptoms, persistent infections may lead to cancer in the future. Regular and systematic screening is essential for prevention and for reducing disease severity.
Raising public awareness about the risks of HPV and promoting appropriate screening practices play a crucial role in improving public health and long-term quality of life.